A ship is a great embarkation, generally endowed with an or more conveses. A ship has, generally, size to transport its own ships, as boats lifeguard, boats or boats. A basic rule (although not always it is applied): " a ship cannot with a ship, but a ship cannot with a ship ". Generally the local law and regulation organs will define the concrete size (or the number of masts) that a ship should have to be elevated to the ship category (he/she Notices that the submarines are not referred as " ships ", excepto the nuclear submarines, classified as ships).
Another definition for ' Ship ' it is any embarkation that transports load with commercial objectivo. The passengers' ships transport ' supercarga ' (other designation for passengers and people that don't work on board). Fishing ships are never considered ' ships ', although they also transport boats lifeguard and load (the fishing of the day). Ferries of small dimension is not also considered ' ships ', however most of the ferries in service in the world is passengers' ships, with capacity for they also transport vehicles. The Nautical refers to the ships and the sailing practices. SHIP FIRE - it is a no-manned ship of an only candle, loaded of explosive and inflammable substances which, taken by the wind in direction to the opponent it causes serious damages in the structure of the skull of the ship. The same embarkations used for transport by the primitive man–as rafts or canoes, done with skins of animals–have been use during the tribal wars. As the civilizations are going being developed, larger naus is built and specialized war ships appear, different from those used for trade. The first Egyptian ships are galleys moved for about 20 rowers, according to the oldest available pictures, of about 3000 a.C. They can also be equipped with candles. There still is not a leme, but yes a larger oar to give the direction.
Those two propulsion means (the human force and the candle) they coexist for a long time, but the improvement of the sailing ships gradually eliminates the ships I row it, during the Modern Age (1453-1789). The candle has the disadvantage of not could be used in calm time; the ships already row it they cannot be used in agitated seas. The ships of war of the area of Mediterranean use the candle for long itineraries, but they combat in coastal waters impelled by rowers. Two combat methods dictate the evolution of the war embarkations. A ram placed in the prow is used to sink the enemy ship for abalroamento; and troops can be transported to take the enemy ship for abordagem. The Greeks preserve its independence when defeating the Persians in an important naval battle, Salamina (480 a.C.), being been worth of ships rows it with two or three arrays of rowers (birremes and trirremes). A Greek ship has 200 tripulantes, most, rowers on the average.
The great navigators of the Antiquity are the fenícios, whose moved ships the candle and with skulls bojudos they can transport more load than the galleys. The Carthaginian inherit of its fenícios naval tradition, and at first they impose defeats to the Romans during the calls Guerras Púnicas (264 a.C. - 146 a.C.). Rome, a terrestrial potency, takes the war of the earth to the sea, adopting as preferential tactics the enemy's abordagem. Some Roman ships take catapults on board. The vikings also develops on the high seas efficient ships for sailing.
In the East, the Chinese rush is developed as a ship with resistant structure, in spite of not having typical important characteristics of the western ships–as the keel, species of spine of the ship in the part of bass of the skull. Chinese rushes navigate for good part of the Indian oceans and Pacific and a Chinese admiral coulded not perfectly, of the technical point of view, to have discovered America before Christopher Columbus if a political reviravolta had not maintained isolated China. Great sailings THE sailing, in the Medium Age without the incentive of the trade, not very it develops. The ships suffer little modifications since the greco-Roman era, although he/she enters the important improvements it is the disseminação of the use of the leme. With Renascença the age of gold of the sailing ships begins. The Portuguese caravel is one of the first examples of a small, but highly reliable ship for oceanic trips, that allows the beginning of the marine expansion and the discovery of the rest of the world for the Europeans.
The use of the gunpowder and of canyons of carrying for the mouth, initially with stone bullets and later on of metal, he/she gives a great incentive to the European expansion in the century XV. Small fleets, as the Portuguese, they can dominate Indian Ocean, facing the less developed local sailing ships. The improvement of those embarkations, of the centuries XVI to the XIX, takes the ships with four or five masts, armed with batteries of canyons in the boards. Some of them get to have more than a hundred canyons. An example, preserved in Portsmouth, England, is the nau Victory, used by the English admiral Horatio Nelson to defeat a franc-Spanish fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar, in 1805. With 56,7 m of length and 15,9 m of width, Victory moves 2.197 tons and it carries a hundred canyons.
The development of the propulsion to vapor, of canyons capable to discharge explosive grenades and of the blindagem construction in iron and steel revolutionize the naval war. The change gives him in a gradual way. The great naus is at first having adapted to have mixed propulsion, it veils and vapor. The first vapors use shovel wheels in the boards, that impede the placement of a complete battery of canyons. The helix, besides more effective, makes to disappear that problem. Blindagem of iron–The first ships “encouraçados” (or couraçados) with plates of iron they are used to attack fortresses, in response to the vulnerabilidade of the wood ships, highly you set on fire. Armored Naus is used in the wars of Criméia (1853 to 1856), of Secession north -American (1861-1865) and in the one of Paraguay (1865-1870). The first combat among two couraçados, the North American government's Monitor and him Virginia (former-Merrimack) of the confederate rebels, it finishes in tie, because none of the canyons in action gets to hole the opponent's blindagem. They are ships unable to operate on the high seas. Ships Brazilian couraçados are projected to attack the strong Paraguayan defenses in Humaitá, in Rio Paraguai. In the second half of the century XIX the armored ships appear capable of oceanic crossings, as the British pioneer Warrior, preserved today beside the nau Victory.
The placement of canyons more weighed in towers it substitutes the long batteries in the board of the ships. The invention of the torpedo takes to the creation of a specialized ship, the torpedeiro, capable to sink a larger ship with its powerful weapon. In the beginning of the century XX the specialization of the ships continues: larger and faster couraçados appears, cruzadores to navigate in front of the battle fleets and to protect convoys of merchant ships (or to attack the one of the enemy), besides the response of the torpedeiros, the contratorpedeiros or destróieres (of the English original “torpedoboat destroyer”). The creation of the submarine gives a new dimension to the naval war. German submarines almost defeat, alone, United Kingdom during the two world wars. In to 1st World War (1914-1918) the couraçado lives its peak; already in to 2nd World War (1939-1945), he is dethroned by the aircraft carrier, whose airplanes reach much larger distances than the canyons of the couraçado: hundreds of kilometers against about 40 kilometers.
The nuclear propulsion turns the independent ships of replenishment of fuel and it creates the complete submarine, perhaps the most lethal naval weapon of the present time. The conventional, or diesel-electric models, need air for the use of its motors diesel, that you/they carry the electric batteries. With the submarine nuclear, such need he/she becomes totally dispensable. He/she gives fliegende Holländer (THE flying Dutchman, in Portuguese, sometimes represented with text in French under the name of he/she Reads Vaisseau Fantôme, in port. The Ghost Ship) it is an opera in three acts of Richard Wagner. Set in a fishing village of Norway, it tells the history of a Dutch navigator that is punished for heaven's sake for blaspheming against its name, for ever getting lost of its homeland, unless it appears in its life a woman that is fully it faithful. When mooring in the port, the Dutchman anchors its nau beside the one of Daland, other navigator. The Dutchman offers the enormous wealth in gold and jewels that it carries in its nau Daland in change of the hand of he Sits down, its daughter. He/she sits down he/she had already known previously the " Flying " Dutchman's history, but it is courted by the hunter Erik, that if enciúma every times in that she makes any reference to the " Flying " Dutchman, be observing its picture insistently, be singing the Dutchman's " Ballad - this, one of the most celebrated arias of the opera.
Daland introduces the Dutchman he/she Sits down her, and she swears it eternal fidelity, but Erik still tries to persuade he/she Sits down to return for him. The certain height, the Dutchman finds Erik hugging he Sits down and he judges that this broke up with its vote of eternal fidelity, and it leaves again for the sea. As the Dutchman's nau stands back, he/she Sits down he/she looks at more and more far away and he/she throws himself to the sea, in the direction where is the Dutchman's nau, trying to unite its soul to the one of him.